Daodejing Chapter 65: Too much cleverness

Richard Brown
2 min readSep 27, 2023

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Daoist sages of ancient times,
Did not enlighten the people
About the Dao,
But kept them on
The path of simplicity.
Now the people
Are difficult to rule,
Because they have
Too much cleverness.
To rule with cleverness
Is to rob the state.
To rule without cleverness
Is to bless the state.
To understand this pattern
Is to have primal power.
Primal power is
Deep and distant!
It leads all things back
To the natural order.

「古之善為道者,非以明民,將以愚之。民之難治,以其智多,故以智治國,國之賊!不以智治國,國之福。知此兩者,亦稽式;常知稽式,是謂玄德。玄德深矣遠矣!與物反矣,然後乃至大順。」

Effective leaders understand that it is not enough to talk the talk. You have to walk the walk. People will pay far more attention to what you do than what you say. The more you have to explain what something means, the less people will be able to understand it.

Notes
1.) Commentators have varying interpretations of the meaning of the character愚/yú in line 3, with some defining it in a pejorative sense as stupidity, foolishness, or ignorance. Given that this chapter is a thinly veiled attack on what Laozi regarded as artificial Confucian knowledge of morality and ritual, I have opted to translate it in a more positive sense as simplicity, meaning unpolluted by false teachings and values.

2.) The character 智/zhì in line 5 usually means knowledge or wisdom. Since Laozi is using it sarcastically to refer to artificial or fake knowledge concocted by the likes of Confucius that leads people to become more devious and dishonest, I have translated it as cleverness. Other alternatives include craftiness and cunning.

3.) See Chapter 19 for a similar warning of the dangers of artificial or fake knowledge.

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Richard Brown

I live in Taiwan and am interested in exploring what ancient Chinese philosophy can tell us about technology and the rise of modern China.